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Assisted reproduction in dogs
Kopecká, Iveta ; Tůmová, Lenka (advisor) ; Šimoník, Ondřej (referee)
The dog is among the largest and longest man domesticated beast and holds in his life indispensable place. To preserve the species is a precondition for its ability to reproduce. To increase the success rate of reproduction contribute in recent decades and methods of assisted reproduction. Among the most common methods of assisted reproduction in dogs include artificial insemination. This can be done in several ways depending on the site deposit seed in genital tract of female (intravaginal, transcervical intrauterine, intratubular insemination). It can be carried out using native, chilled or frozen semen. Insemination process itself affects the success of pregnancy rates. Generally, that is the most successful design insemination with fresh semen intratubular. Another method is assisted reproduction in vitro oocyte fertilization and subsequent embryo transfer. The success of this method is dependent on many factors, among which include the sampling of gametes method of storage, the composition of culture media, mechanisms regulating nuclear oocyte maturation and others. It is evident that the need of further research, leading to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that control oocyte maturation and embryonic development in dogs. A relatively new method of reproductive biotechnology is somatic cell nuclear transfer into an oocyte depleted own genetic information called cloning. This technology does not achieve major success so far. Methods of assisted reproduction in dogs hinders overall physiology of the reproductive system, but also more difficult method of obtaining oocytes and embryos, and then find the appropriate recipient. The key seems to be to find a more suitable solution for long term storage of gametes. Achieving successful freezing of sperm and oocyte cryopreservation would lead to greater use of reproductive technologies. Studies on assisted reproduction in dogs are among other things contributing to overall understand of reproductive mechanisms. Acquired knowledge may enable the conservation of valuable dog genotypes in vitro.
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